The anti-inflammatory effect of silymarin in chondrocytes
Author(s)
Author(s)
Can, V.
Abouelnour, A.
Locke, I.
Getting, S.
Date Issued
2017
Publisher
Elsevier
Journal
Biochemical Pharmacology
Volume
139
Start page
137
End page
137
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease partially mediated by the catabolic cytokine TNF-α, leading to progressive and permanent degeneration of cartilage. Silymarin, an extract from the ripe seeds of Silybum marianum, possesses anti-inflammatory properties that could help resolve inflammation in chondrocytes. This study aims to assess the chondroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin on TNF-α induced cell death, pro-inflammatory cytokine and matrix-metalloproteinase release. Methods: Human C-20/A4 chondrocytic cells were treated with silymarin (2–20 μM) alone or in the presence of dexamethasone (10 μM) for 30 min prior to TNF-α (60 pg/ml) stimulation for 6 h. Cell viability was determined by MTT assat. Cell free supernatants were collected to detect IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-1 release by ELISA. RT-PCR was used to detect IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-1 gene expression. Data are expressed as Mean ± SD of n = 4 determinations in triplicate. < 0.05 vs. control or #P < 0.05 vs. stimulus. Results: TNF-α stimulation caused a maximal cell death of 25%, which was completely abrogated in the presence of silymarin (2 μM) and dexamethasone (10 μM). TNF-α caused a significant increase in IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-1 release, which was inhibited by silymarin. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that silymarin alone and in the presence of dexamethasone significantly inhibited IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-1 gene expression when compared to TNF-α (IL-6: 5.79 ± 0.05; IL-8: 5.65 ± 0.04; and MMP-1: 10.0 ± 0.04). Conclusion: The data demonstrates that silymarin exhibited chondroprotection and modulation of IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-1 following TNF-α activation of chondrocytes. This data highlights a role for silymarin in exerting its anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties in osteoarthritic models.
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